The Moscow Kremlin

The Moscow Kremlin is a fortified complex at the historic centre of the Russian capital, overlooking the Moskva river and bordered by Red Square. A wooden fort stood on the site by the 12th century, and the present red-brick walls and towers were largely built in the late 15th century, when Italian architects were engaged by Grand Prince Ivan III to raise the fortifications and cathedrals. Within the walls stand the Cathedral Square churches, bell tower, palaces and later government buildings, reflecting centuries of Russian religious, royal and state history.

As the seat of power through many turbulent reigns, the Kremlin has accumulated numerous legends, including long-standing tales of apparitions associated with figures from Russia's autocratic past. Such stories are folklore and hearsay rather than documented occurrences, and are noted here only as part of the site's popular mythology, not as claims of fact.

The Kremlin is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the world's most significant historic and political complexes, its cathedrals, the Armoury Chamber and its treasuries holding collections of outstanding artistic and historical importance.

Parts of the Kremlin are open to the public as museums, including Cathedral Square and its churches, the Armoury Chamber and, when accessible, the Diamond Fund, with timed tickets and security screening; other areas are working government premises and closed to visitors. Opening days vary and there is a regular weekly closing day.

Because it is an active seat of government, entry rules, bag restrictions and access can change at short notice, so checking current information before visiting is essential. Visitors should also be aware of prevailing travel advisories for the region.